Active Balancing
A BMS technique that actively moves charge between cells.
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Active balancing is a battery management technique where energy is transferred from higher-charged cells to lower-charged cells using capacitors, inductors, or DC-DC converters. Unlike passive balancing (which dissipates excess charge as heat), active balancing preserves energy and is more efficient — critical for extending the life of large battery packs like Envio LFP systems.
AGM Battery
Absorbent Glass Mat — a type of sealed lead-acid battery.
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AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) is a lead-acid battery design where the electrolyte is absorbed in a fiberglass mat. It is spill-proof and vibration-resistant, making it popular for UPS and automotive use. However, AGM batteries have only 300–500 cycle life — significantly lower than Envio LFP batteries (3500+ cycles).
Ah (Amp-hour)
Unit of electrical charge — measures battery capacity.
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Amp-hour (Ah) is the unit of electric charge representing the capacity of a battery. One Ah equals one amp of current flowing for one hour. For example, a 105Ah battery can deliver 105 amps for one hour, or 10.5 amps for 10 hours. Larger Ah = more energy storage capacity.
Anode
The negative electrode — releases electrons during discharge.
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An anode is the negative electrode of a battery cell. During discharge, it releases electrons that flow through the external circuit to the cathode. In LFP batteries, the anode is typically made of graphite (carbon).
AVL
Approved Vendor List — certified suppliers.
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AVL (Approved Vendor List) is a list of suppliers and vendors that a manufacturer has evaluated and approved for use in production. At Envio, cells and components must pass strict AVL screening before being used in our battery packs.
Battery Cycle
One complete charge and discharge sequence.
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A battery cycle is one complete charge-discharge sequence — discharging the battery to a certain depth and then recharging it. For example, if you use 50% of a battery and recharge, that's half a cycle. Cycle count is the primary metric for measuring battery longevity.
Battery Management System (BMS)
Electronic system that monitors and protects battery cells.
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A BMS (Battery Management System) is the electronic brain of a lithium battery pack. It continuously monitors voltage, current, and temperature of each cell, prevents overcharge and over-discharge, balances cells, and communicates with the charger or host device. Envio batteries use advanced smart BMS with active balancing and IoT monitoring.
BIS Certification
Bureau of Indian Standards — national quality certification.
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BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) is India's national standards organization. BIS certification confirms that a product meets required safety, quality, and performance standards. Envio LFP batteries are BIS-compliant and tested under stringent BIS protocols.
C-Rate
Measure of how fast a battery is charged or discharged.
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C-Rate indicates the rate at which a battery is charged or discharged relative to its capacity. 1C means the battery is fully charged or discharged in one hour. 2C means in 30 minutes. 0.5C means in two hours. Envio LFP batteries typically support continuous discharge of 1C and peak of 2C–3C.
Capacity
Total amount of energy a battery can store.
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Capacity is the total amount of electrical energy a battery can store, measured in Amp-hours (Ah) or kilowatt-hours (kWh). It decreases slightly over the battery's life as cycle count increases. Envio batteries retain ≥80% capacity even after 3500+ cycles.
Cathode
The positive electrode — receives electrons during discharge.
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A cathode is the positive electrode in a battery cell. In LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries, the cathode is made from LiFePO4. In NMC batteries, it is a mix of nickel, manganese, and cobalt. The cathode chemistry determines the battery's voltage, safety, and cycle life.
Cell Balancing
Equalizing voltage across cells in a battery pack.
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Cell balancing ensures all cells in a multi-cell battery pack have the same state of charge. Without balancing, weaker cells degrade faster and reduce the overall pack life. Envio uses active cell balancing for maximum efficiency and longevity.
Cobalt-Free
Battery chemistry that contains no cobalt.
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Cobalt-free refers to battery chemistries that don't use cobalt — an expensive and ethically controversial mineral often linked to mining abuses. LFP batteries (like all Envio products) are cobalt-free and nickel-free, making them more sustainable, affordable, and eco-friendly.
Current
Flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes (A).
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Current is the rate of flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes (A). Higher current means more electrons moving per second. In battery systems, current determines how fast energy is delivered (discharge current) or stored (charge current).
Cycle Life
Number of charge-discharge cycles a battery can deliver.
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Cycle life is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles a battery can undergo before its capacity drops to 80% of the original. Envio LFP batteries offer 3500+ cycle life — over 8–10 years of typical daily use. This is 7–10x longer than lead-acid batteries (300–500 cycles).
DC (Direct Current)
Unidirectional flow of electric charge.
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DC (Direct Current) is the unidirectional flow of electrical charge — the type of current batteries produce and store. Opposite of AC (Alternating Current), which changes direction periodically and is what the power grid uses.
DoD (Depth of Discharge)
Percentage of battery capacity that has been used.
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Depth of Discharge (DoD) is the percentage of a battery's total capacity that has been discharged. If you discharge a 100Ah battery by 80Ah, that's 80% DoD. Envio LFP batteries safely support up to 90% DoD without damage, whereas lead-acid batteries should not be discharged below 50%.
Energy Density
Amount of energy stored per unit of weight or volume.
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Energy density measures how much energy a battery can store per unit of weight (Wh/kg) or volume (Wh/L). Higher energy density = smaller and lighter battery for the same capacity. LFP offers moderate energy density but superior safety and lifespan compared to NMC.
EV (Electric Vehicle)
Vehicle powered entirely or partially by electricity.
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An Electric Vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. EVs include 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, cars, buses, and trucks. Envio LFP batteries power a wide range of EVs across India, offering 3500+ cycle life and fast charging.
Fast Charging
High-current charging that reduces charge time.
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Fast charging uses higher current to reduce charging time. Envio LFP batteries support fast charging and reach full charge in about 4.5 hours with our fast chargers — significantly faster than lead-acid and many competing LFP brands.
Grid Storage
Large-scale battery systems for utility grids.
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Grid storage refers to large battery systems used to store excess electricity from power plants or renewables (solar/wind) and release it when demand peaks. LFP is the preferred chemistry for grid storage due to its long cycle life and thermal stability.
IEC Standards
International Electrotechnical Commission standards.
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IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) publishes global standards for electrical and electronic technologies. IEC 62619 and IEC 62620 are the key international standards for lithium battery safety and performance. Envio products are IEC-compliant.
Internal Resistance
Resistance within a battery that reduces output.
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Internal resistance is the resistance within a battery to the flow of current, causing voltage drop and heat generation during charge/discharge. Lower internal resistance = higher efficiency, less heat, and more usable power. Envio LFP cells are matched for ultra-low and consistent internal resistance.
Inverter
Device that converts DC power to AC power.
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An inverter is an electronic device that converts DC (Direct Current) from a battery into AC (Alternating Current) for powering home appliances and commercial equipment. Inverter batteries — like the Envio Inverter LFP Battery — are designed for daily deep discharge.
IoT Monitoring
Internet-of-Things based remote battery monitoring.
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IoT Monitoring uses internet-connected sensors to track battery performance remotely — voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and health — in real-time through a smartphone app or cloud dashboard. Envio offers IoT-enabled BMS for fleet operators and B2B customers.
IP Rating (IP67)
Ingress Protection — dust and water resistance rating.
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IP (Ingress Protection) rating classifies how well an enclosure protects against dust and water. IP67 means: 6 = completely dust-tight, 7 = protected against water immersion up to 1 meter for 30 minutes. Envio batteries use IP67-rated containers for maximum durability.
kWh (Kilowatt-hour)
Unit of energy — 1000 watt-hours.
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kWh (Kilowatt-hour) is a unit of energy equal to 1000 watt-hours or the energy consumed by a 1kW device for one hour. Battery capacity for larger systems (EVs, solar storage) is often measured in kWh. For example, a 5kWh battery can power a 1000W load for 5 hours.
Lead-Acid Battery
Traditional battery using lead and acid — being replaced by LFP.
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Lead-acid batteries are the oldest rechargeable battery technology, using lead plates and sulfuric acid. They are heavy, have short cycle life (300–500 cycles), and cannot be deeply discharged. Envio LFP batteries are a modern replacement — lighter, longer-lasting, and safer.
LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
Battery chemistry known for safety and long cycle life.
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LFP stands for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4). LFP batteries offer superior thermal stability, longer life (3500+ cycles), no cobalt or nickel, and lower cost — making them ideal for India's hot climate where temperatures exceed 45°C. Envio specializes exclusively in LFP technology.
LiFePO4
Lithium Iron Phosphate — the LFP chemistry.
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LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) is the chemical formula for the cathode material used in LFP batteries. LiFePO4 offers exceptional thermal stability, long cycle life (3500+ cycles), and no cobalt or nickel. This is the core chemistry behind all Envio battery packs.
Lithium-Ion Battery
Rechargeable battery using lithium compounds.
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A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. LFP, NMC, NCA, and LTO are all sub-types of lithium-ion batteries.
Memory Effect
Capacity loss from partial charging — LFP has none.
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The memory effect is a phenomenon where a battery "remembers" partial discharge patterns and loses capacity. It was common in old NiCd batteries but does NOT occur in lithium-ion (LFP) batteries. You can charge Envio batteries at any level without damage.
NMC Battery
Nickel Manganese Cobalt chemistry — higher energy but less safe.
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NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) is a lithium-ion chemistry with higher energy density than LFP but lower thermal stability. NMC batteries contain cobalt (expensive, ethically problematic) and are more prone to thermal runaway. Envio chose LFP over NMC for safety, longevity, and sustainability.
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
Manufacturer supplying components to another brand.
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OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) refers to a company that manufactures products or components that are sold by another company under their own brand. Envio offers OEM and white-label battery solutions for B2B partners, fleet operators, and equipment manufacturers.
Overcharge Protection
BMS feature that prevents charging beyond safe voltage.
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Overcharge protection is a BMS safety feature that stops charging when the battery reaches its maximum safe voltage. This prevents thermal runaway, swelling, and cell damage. Every Envio battery includes multi-tier overcharge protection.
Parallel Connection
Wiring batteries to increase capacity (Ah).
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Parallel connection links batteries positive-to-positive and negative-to-negative, increasing total capacity (Ah) while keeping the same voltage. For example, two 12V 100Ah batteries in parallel = 12V 200Ah. Envio LFP batteries are engineered for safe parallel connection.
Passive Balancing
BMS technique that discharges high cells as heat.
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Passive balancing is a cell-balancing technique that dissipates excess charge from higher-voltage cells through resistors as heat. It's simpler and cheaper than active balancing but wastes energy. Envio uses active balancing for better efficiency.
Prismatic Cell
Rectangular-shaped battery cell with metal casing.
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A prismatic cell is a battery cell with a rectangular, box-like shape and hard metal casing. Prismatic cells offer better space efficiency than cylindrical cells and are commonly used in large battery packs. All Envio prismatic cells undergo strict IR and capacity screening.
Round-Trip Efficiency
Ratio of energy out to energy in — LFP ~95%.
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Round-trip efficiency is the percentage of energy you get back from a battery compared to the energy you put in during charging. Envio LFP batteries achieve up to 95% round-trip efficiency, meaning very little energy is lost as heat.
Series Connection
Wiring batteries to increase voltage (V).
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Series connection links batteries positive-to-negative, increasing total voltage while keeping the same capacity. For example, four 12V 100Ah batteries in series = 48V 100Ah. Envio LFP batteries support series connection for 12V, 24V, 48V, and higher voltage systems.
Smart BMS
Advanced BMS with communication and monitoring.
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A Smart BMS is an advanced Battery Management System that includes communication interfaces (UART, CAN, Bluetooth, IoT), real-time monitoring, data logging, and remote firmware updates. Envio Smart BMS also supports mobile app monitoring for Android.
SOC (State of Charge)
Percentage of battery capacity remaining.
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State of Charge (SOC) is the percentage of a battery's current capacity relative to its maximum — essentially the "fuel gauge" of a battery. 100% SOC = fully charged, 0% = empty. Envio batteries include dedicated SOC meters and app-based SOC display.
SOH (State of Health)
Overall condition of a battery compared to new.
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State of Health (SOH) is a percentage comparing the battery's current condition to when it was new. A battery's SOH declines gradually with use. For example, 90% SOH means the battery is at 90% of its original capability. Envio LFP batteries maintain ≥80% SOH after 3500+ cycles.
Solar Battery
Battery for storing solar energy.
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A solar battery stores excess electricity generated by solar panels during daylight hours for use at night or during grid outages. Envio Solar LFP Battery is optimized for daily deep cycling, with high efficiency (up to 95%) and 3500+ cycle life.
Thermal Runaway
Uncontrolled heating — LFP is highly resistant.
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Thermal runaway is a dangerous chain reaction where a battery cell overheats, ignites, and causes neighbouring cells to do the same. LFP chemistry is inherently resistant to thermal runaway — one of the primary reasons Envio chose it, especially for Indian climatic conditions.
Three-Wheeler Battery
Battery pack specifically for e-rickshaws and 3-wheelers.
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A three-wheeler battery is designed for electric 3-wheelers, e-rickshaws, and similar commercial vehicles. Envio 51V 100Ah 3-Wheeler LFP Battery is a best-seller offering 3500+ cycle life, promising mileage, and fast charging.
UPS Battery
Battery for Uninterruptible Power Supply systems.
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A UPS battery provides backup power when the mains supply fails, ensuring devices keep running without interruption. Envio UPS LFP Battery delivers ~2500 cycle life, half the size, and less than a quarter of the weight of comparable lead-acid UPS batteries.
Vibration Resistance
Ability to withstand mechanical shock and vibration.
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Vibration resistance is the battery's ability to withstand continuous mechanical shock and vibration without damage — critical for EVs, RVs, and marine applications. Envio batteries are tested against vibration standards and use reinforced cell holders.
Voltage (V)
Electrical potential difference — measured in Volts.
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Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference that drives current through a circuit. Common nominal voltages for lithium batteries: 12V (inverter, RV), 24V (light commercial), 48V (EVs, telecom), 51V (3-wheelers). Envio offers 12V, 48V, and 51V systems.
Warranty
Guarantee of product quality and support duration.
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Warranty is the manufacturer's written guarantee covering repairs or replacement of defective products within a specified time. Envio offers a 3+2 year warranty (3 years standard + 2 years extended) on all LFP battery packs, backed by professional support.
Watt-hour (Wh)
Unit of energy — voltage × amp-hours.
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Watt-hour (Wh) is a unit of energy calculated by multiplying voltage (V) by amp-hours (Ah). For example, a 48V 100Ah battery = 4800 Wh = 4.8 kWh. Watt-hours give a truer measure of energy than Ah alone across different voltages.